A Perspective on Global Salmon Aquaculture: Empowering Ecosystems and Communities

This report focuses on the challenges and opportunities posed by climate change and the concept of social license in the salmon farming industry, by providing a comprehensive overview of the global context. The Tasmanian salmon industry is one of Australia’s most valuable seafood sectors, providing a healthy and nutritious source of protein to the country.

Tasmania’s unique geographical advantages, such as pristine waterways and optimal cold conditions, have facilitated the industry’s growth. However, the industry faces regular environmental and social challenges, including the pressure from warming waters caused by climate change and the polarisation of the debate on salmon farms being harmful to the environment. The Tasmanian industry can become an exemplary model for the rest of the world. The streamlined processes, absence of native salmon populations, and geographical isolation are advantageous factors that make this industry unique in the global context.

Global aquaculture is the fastest-growing food sector. In 2022, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that farmed fish production surpassed wild catch for the first time. The salmon aquaculture industry supports global protein demand while reducing pressure on wild fisheries. However, there are environmental and social challenges that need to be addressed before continuing the exponential growth of the industry.

Climate change poses significant threats to salmon aquaculture, impacting water temperatures and fish health. The industry has responded with technological solutions like selective breeding, advanced farming technologies, and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). Additionally, adopting ecosystem-based models (EBM) offers a holistic approach by integrating species such as seaweed and mussels into aquaculture systems. These species provide bioremediation services, enhancing marine health and resilience. EBM improves environmental sustainability and offers long-term economic benefits. The future of salmon farming depends on incorporating adaptive ecosystem models to reduce environmental impact and ensure sustainable growth.

Social acceptability requires businesses to gain legitimacy, credibility, and trust from their communities. Transparency, traceability, and collaboration with scientific institutions, indigenous groups, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are essential to building a strong social license. Strengthening community relationships through meaningful investment will help shape the industry’s intentions and values. Community engagement and addressing the educational gap are crucial for achieving public trust and understanding of aquaculture practices.

In conclusion, the future of salmon aquaculture depends on the willingness and level of collaboration with NGOs, communities, supply chain and other industries. The issues faced are too big to be tackled in isolation; long-term environmental goals are important and should align with the supply chain’s strategy. The relationships built over time will shape the culture in and out of the community—a culture that understands the challenges, works tirelessly on improvements and eventually, embraces the industry.